Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP), also known as Tert-Butyl Peroxide, is a versatile organic peroxide widely used in the chemical industry as a radical initiator and cross-linking agent. With the chemical formula C₈H₁₈O₂ and CAS number 110-05-4, DTBP is prized for its stability and efficiency in generating free radicals, making it essential for polymerization processes and polymer modifications. Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP), also known as Tert-Butyl Peroxide, is a versatile organic peroxide widely used in the chemical industry as a radical initiator and cross-linking agent.
DTBP is a clear, colorless liquid with a sharp odor, serving as a strong free radical source containing over 10.9% active oxygen. It decomposes rapidly under heat or light, which enables its use in high-temperature applications while requiring careful handling to prevent hazards.
Technical Specifications
| ITEMS | SPECIFICATIONS |
| Appearance | Colorless or light yellow liquid |
| Content | ≥98.5% |
| Moisture | ≤0.5% |
| TBHP | ≤1.0% |
| TBA | ≤0.5% |
| Reactive Oxygen | ≥10 |
| Colour (Apha) | ≤50 |
Package
Net weight 165kg drum,13.2MT/20FCL with pallets.
Net weight 20kg drum, 12.8MT/20FCL with pallets.
Applications of Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP)
DTBP is primarily employed in polymer chemistry and organic synthesis as a radical initiator.
1. Polymerization Initiator
DTBP is widely employed as a radical source in polymerization reactions, facilitating the formation of polymers through free radical mechanisms. It is particularly effective in high-temperature and high-pressure environments.
Olefin and Ethylene Polymerization:
Used for the production of polyethylene (PE), including low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and halogenated ethylenes. It initiates chain reactions under elevated conditions, leading to high-quality polymers used in packaging, films, and tubing.
Styrene and Polystyrene Production:
Acts as a finishing catalyst for polystyrene (PS), enhancing polymerization efficiency. This is crucial for manufacturing styrenated alkyds, resins, and foams used in insulation and consumer goods.
Acrylic and Acrylonitrile Resins:
Serves as a polymerization catalyst for acrylic resins and acrylonitrile polymers, improving material properties for coatings, adhesives, and textiles.
Polyketone Synthesis:
Employed in the synthesis of polyketones, which are high-performance engineering plastics resistant to chemicals and heat.
2. Cross-Linking Agent
DTBP promotes cross-linking in polymers and rubbers, enhancing mechanical strength, durability, and thermal stability.
Rubber and Elastomers:
Functions as a cross-linking agent in silicone rubbers and synthetic rubbers like polybutadiene, improving elasticity and resistance to wear. This is essential for automotive tires, seals, and industrial hoses.
Unsaturated Polyesters and Plastics:
Cross-links unsaturated polyesters and polyethylene, increasing toughness and flexibility for applications in composites, adhesives, sealants, and coatings.
Rheology Modification:
Used in rheology control for polymers, adjusting viscosity and flow properties in manufacturing processes.
3. Polymer Modification and Degradation
DTBP acts as a degradation agent to modify polymer structures, optimizing their performance for specific uses.
Polypropylene (PP) Degradation:
Employed to degrade polypropylene, improving melt flow index (MFI) for better processability in fibers, films, and injection molding applications.
Material Enhancement:
In plastics production, it modifies properties like toughness and flexibility, supporting innovations in automotive, construction, and electronics sectors.
4. Fuel Additives and Combustion Enhancers
DTBP is utilized in the energy sector to improve fuel performance.
Diesel and Biodiesel Ignition Accelerator:
Lowers autoignition temperature and increases cetane number, enhancing combustion efficiency and reducing emissions in diesel engines.
Fuel Formulation:
Added to fuels to promote cleaner burning and better engine performance, particularly in industrial and transportation applications.
5. Organic Synthesis and Chemical Intermediates
In organic chemistry, DTBP facilitates radical-mediated reactions for synthesizing complex molecules.
Carbon-Heteroatom Bond Formation:
Mediates reactions for forming C-N, C-O, and other bonds, useful in pharmaceutical and fine chemical synthesis. Its affordability and eco-friendliness make it a preferred oxidant.
C-H Functionalization:
Catalyzes esterification of benzylic C-H bonds with carboxylic acids and cross-coupling of anilines with alkylboranes, yielding N-alkylated anilines.
Other Syntheses:
Serves as an intermediate in producing other peroxides and compounds, including bio-based alternatives for green chemistry.
6. Emerging and Specialized Applications
DTBP’s role is expanding in advanced fields due to ongoing research and innovation.
Green Chemistry:
Development of bio-based peroxides to minimize environmental impact, aligning with sustainable manufacturing practices.
Advanced Materials:
Used in crosslinking for high-performance materials in electronics, pharmaceuticals, and coatings.
Continuous Synthesis Processes:
Applied in microreactors for efficient, safe production of DTBP itself and related compounds.
Safety and Handling Guidelines
DTBP is classified as an Organic Peroxide Type E, Liquid (UN 3107), and is highly flammable and explosive under certain conditions. Key safety measures include:
Storage: Refrigerate below 30°C, away from heat, light, sparks, and contaminants. Store in original containers in a well-ventilated area.
Handling: Use protective gloves, eye protection, and ensure adequate ventilation. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, or clothing.
Fire and Explosion Risks: Decomposes explosively at high temperatures; use dry chemical powder or alcohol-resistant foam for firefighting.
Environmental Impact: Harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects; prevent discharge into the environment.
First Aid: In case of contact, rinse with water and seek medical attention immediately.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: What is Di-Tert-Butyl Peroxide (DTBP) used for?
A: DTBP is mainly used as a polymerization initiator for olefins and acrylic resins, a cross-linking agent for unsaturated polyesters, and a modification agent for polypropylene degradation.
Q: Is DTBP hazardous?
A: Yes, DTBP is a highly flammable organic peroxide that can decompose explosively when heated or contaminated. Proper storage and handling are crucial to avoid fire and explosion risks.
Q: What are the storage requirements for DTBP?
A: Store DTBP refrigerated, in a cool, dry place away from heat sources, light, and incompatible materials like reducing agents or acids.
Q: Can DTBP be used in fuel applications?
A: Yes, DTBP serves as a fuel additive to improve combustion properties and as a chemical intermediate in various syntheses.
Q: How does DTBP impact the environment?
A: DTBP is harmful to aquatic life with long-lasting effects, so it should not be released into waterways or the environment.
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