Gallic Acid is an organic acid with a variety of unique chemical and biological properties that make it widely used in many fields.
The following are the main properties of Gallic Acid:
Chemical Properties of Gallic Acid:
White or light brown needle-like crystal or powder.
Soluble in water, alcohols and ethers, and loses carbon dioxide when heated to become burnt Gallic Acid.
Biological Characteristics
Gallic Acid has a strong antioxidant ability and can significantly reduce the proportion of oxidative damage of fatty acid molecules in cell membrane induced by peroxy radical.
It has a good anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators.
Gallic Acid has an inhibitory effect on a variety of bacteria, and can protect the wound from bacterial invasion, prevent infection, and inhibit ulcers.
Health Benefits
Antioxidant Properties：
One of the standout attributes is its exceptional antioxidant activity. It neutralizes harmful free radicals, thereby reducing oxidative stress-a key factor in aging and chronic diseases.
Mechanisms:
Gallic Acid works by donating electrons to unstable free radicals, stabilizing them and preventing damage to cells and tissues.
Impact on Free Radicals:
By minimizing oxidative stress, it aids in protecting DNA, lipids, and proteins from damage, promoting overall cellular health.
Anti-inflammatory Effects
Inflammation, though a natural response, can become harmful when chronic. It helps mitigate this through its anti-inflammatory properties.
Benefits for Joint Health:
Gallic Acid has shown promise in reducing inflammation associated with arthritis, improving mobility and reducing pain.
Reduction in Systemic Inflammation:
It lowers inflammatory markers in the body, aiding in the prevention of diseases such as atherosclerosis and autoimmune conditions.
Skincare Benefits
Skin Brightening:
Gallic Acid inhibits the enzyme tyrosinase, which reduces melanin production. This helps in fading dark spots and brightening the skin.
Anti-aging:
Its antioxidant properties protect collagen and elastin fibers from degradation, minimizing wrinkles and maintaining skin elasticity.
Acne Management:
Thanks to its antimicrobial effects, it helps in reducing acne-causing bacteria and soothing inflamed skin.
Main Uses of Gallic Acid
Food Industry:
It can synthesize gallate esters, which are excellent food antioxidants. They are widely used in the food industry to extend the shelf life of food.
Antioxidants:
It can be synthesized into a variety of gallate esters, which are used as antioxidants in food and medicine to effectively neutralize free radicals and reduce the damage of oxidative stress, which is suitable for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
Antibacterial and antiviral:
It has an inhibitory effect on a variety of bacteria, fungi and viruses, including Staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and influenza viruses. Widely used in the preparation of antibacterial agents and disinfectants, especially in oral care products.
Anti-tumor:
It showed significant antitumor activity, inhibiting the growth and spread of tumor cells, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis.
Anti-inflammatory and immune regulation:
It can reduce the inflammatory response, relieve pain, promote wound healing, and have anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, it also has a certain regulatory effect on the immune system.
Protect the liver:
It protects the liver from damage from toxic substances such as carbon tetrachloride and helps maintain the normal physiological function of the liver.
Blue-black ink:
Gallic Acid reacts with trivalent iron ions to produce blue-black precipitate, which is an important raw material for the manufacture of blue-black ink.
Pyrotechnic stabilizers:
Gallic Acid and its derivatives are also used in pyrotechnic stabilizers.
Uv absorbers and flame retardants:
Gallic Acid has good UV absorption properties and can be used in the manufacture of products such as sunscreens. It is also used as a flame retardant.
Plant growth regulators:
Used in agricultural science as a plant growth regulator to promote or inhibit the growth process of plants.
