3-Amino-1,2-Propanediol (CAS No. 616-30-8)

3-Amino-1,2-propanediol, commonly known as serinol or 1-aminoglycerol, is a versatile amino diol compound that serves as a critical building block in pharmaceutical and cosmetic synthesis. With the chemical formula C₃H₉NO₂, it is a colorless to pale yellow viscous liquid with a mild amine odor. This bifunctional molecule features an amino group and two hydroxyl groups, enabling high reactivity for esterifications, etherifications, and amide formations. It is widely applied in the development of drug delivery systems, contrast agents, and surfactants, offering excellent water solubility and biocompatibility for advanced formulations.

CAS Number: 616-30-8 Molecular Weight: 91.11 g/mol Synonyms: Serinol, 1-Aminoglycerol, (±)-3-Amino-1,2-dihydroxypropane, 2,3-Dihydroxypropan-1-amine

Key Properties

It displays stable physical and chemical characteristics that support its use in aqueous and organic syntheses. The table below summarizes primary specifications:

Property Value/Description
Appearance Colorless to pale yellow viscous liquid
Purity ≥97.0% (titration)
Density (25°C) 1.175 g/mL
Boiling Point 264-265°C (739 mmHg)
Melting Point <0°C (liquid at room temperature)
Flash Point 113°C (closed cup)
Refractive Index (20°C) 1.492
Solubility in Water Miscible
pH (10% aqueous solution) 10.5-11.5 (alkaline)

These properties ensure its fluidity, thermal stability, and broad compatibility, making it suitable for liquid-phase reactions and formulations.

Applications and Uses

Its polar functional groups facilitate its role in diverse industrial and research applications:

  • Pharmaceutical Intermediates: Essential reactant in synthesizing lipid-like delivery molecules (lipidoids) for RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics and cationic polypeptides for gene delivery systems.
  • Contrast Agents: Used as a key intermediate in the production of iodinated contrast media for medical imaging, enhancing solubility and stability.
  • Cosmetic Formulations: Incorporated into surfactants and emollients for skincare products, providing humectant properties and mild conditioning effects.
  • Agrochemicals: Serves as a building block for pesticides and herbicides, enabling the creation of bioactive amine derivatives.
  • Specialty Chemicals: Employed in ceramide analogs for biochemical research and resins for metal adsorption, such as Au(III) recovery.

Its biocompatibility and low toxicity profile make it ideal for biomedical and consumer product innovations.

Safety and Handling

It is corrosive, causing severe skin burns and serious eye damage upon contact. It is harmful if swallowed or inhaled and may irritate respiratory tracts. Recommended protocols include:

  • Storage: Keep in a cool, dry place (<25°C) in tightly sealed containers under inert atmosphere; avoid exposure to air and moisture to prevent oxidation.
  • Handling: Wear PPE including chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, face shield, and respirator. Work in a fume hood; wash thoroughly after use and seek medical attention for exposures.
  • Environmental Impact: Moderately toxic to aquatic life; neutralize spills with acid and dispose via hazardous waste facilities to avoid water contamination.
  • Regulatory Compliance: UN 2735 (Class 8, PG III); complies with GHS (H314: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage) and REACH/TSCA for corrosive amines.

Obtain the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed first aid and exposure guidelines.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the primary application of 3-Amino-1,2-propanediol?

It is mainly used as a pharmaceutical intermediate in the synthesis of lipidoids for RNAi therapeutics and gene delivery systems, leveraging its amino and diol functionalities.

Is it safe for laboratory use?

It is corrosive to skin and eyes, requiring full PPE and ventilation, but non-flammable under normal conditions; safe in controlled settings with proper protocols.

What is the shelf life of 3-Amino-1,2-propanediol?

Stored sealed and dry at room temperature, it remains stable for 12-24 months, with minimal degradation if protected from light and air.

Can 3-Amino-1,2-propanediol be shipped internationally?

Yes, it is shipped worldwide under UN 2735 regulations, in compatible packaging like HDPE bottles or drums for lab to bulk quantities.

How does 3-Amino-1,2-propanediol compare to glycerol?

Unlike glycerol, which lacks an amino group, 3-Amino-1,2-propanediol provides nucleophilic reactivity for amide bonds, making it superior for pharmaceutical derivatizations.

Is 3-Amino-1,2-propanediol water-soluble?

Yes, it is fully miscible with water and polar solvents, facilitating its use in aqueous formulations and extractions.

Contact Us

Interested in sourcing 3-Amino-1,2-propanediol or exploring custom applications? Our team offers quotes, technical support, and reliable global supply.

We respond within 24 hours—reach out today!