Ammonium Thioglycolate (CAS No. 5421-46-5): Properties, Applications, and Safety Guidelines

Introduction to Ammonium Thioglycolate

Ammonium Thioglycolate, with the CAS Number 5421-46-5, is a key organic compound widely used in the cosmetics industry, particularly in hair care products. Also known as ammonium 2-mercaptoacetate, this compound is valued for its reducing properties, making it essential for hair perming and straightening treatments.

Ammonium Thioglycolate is typically supplied as a colorless to pale yellow aqueous solution with a characteristic sulfur-like odor. Its key chemical properties include:

  • CAS Number: 5421-46-5

  • Molecular Formula: C2H7NO2S

  • Molecular Weight: 109.15 g/mol

  • Density: Approximately 1.24 g/cm³ (for aqueous solutions)

  • Solubility: Highly soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol

  • pH: Aqueous solutions are typically slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6–8)

  • Appearance: Clear to pale yellow liquid

These properties make Ammonium Thioglycolate an effective reducing agent for breaking disulfide bonds in hair and other applications.

Applications

1. Hair Care and Cosmetics

Ammonium Thioglycolate is a primary ingredient in permanent wave solutions and hair straightening products. It works by breaking the disulfide bonds in hair keratin, allowing hair to be reshaped before the bonds are reformed. This makes it essential for achieving long-lasting curls or straight hair in salon treatments.

2. Chemical Synthesis

In chemical manufacturing, it serves as a reducing agent in the synthesis of various organic compounds. Its ability to donate electrons makes it valuable in producing intermediates for pharmaceuticals and specialty chemicals.

3. Industrial Applications

Ammonium Thioglycolate is used in textile processing and as a corrosion inhibitor in certain industrial applications. Its reducing properties help in stabilizing formulations and preventing oxidative damage.

Safety and Handling

Proper handling of Ammonium Thioglycolate (CAS No. 5421-46-5) is critical due to its potential hazards:

  • Hazards: May cause skin and eye irritation (H315, H319) and allergic skin reactions (H317). Harmful if swallowed or inhaled (H302, H332). It may also be toxic to aquatic life (H411).

  • Protective Measures: Use personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, safety goggles, and respiratory protection. Ensure adequate ventilation during handling to minimize exposure.

  • Storage: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from oxidizing agents, acids, and heat sources.

  • Disposal: Dispose of according to local regulations for hazardous chemicals to prevent environmental contamination.

Always consult the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for detailed safety information before handling.