Ammonium Thioglycolate (CAS No. 5421-46-5): Properties, Applications, and Safety Guidelines

Ammonium Thioglycolate, with the CAS Number 5421-46-5, is a key organic compound widely used in the cosmetics industry, particularly in hair care products. Also known as ammonium 2-mercaptoacetate, this compound is valued for its reducing properties, making it essential for hair perming and straightening treatments.

Ammonium Thioglycolate is typically supplied as a colorless to pale yellow aqueous solution with a characteristic sulfur-like odor. Its key chemical properties include:

  • CAS Number: 5421-46-5

  • Molecular Formula: C2H7NO2S

  • Molecular Weight: 109.15 g/mol

  • Density: Approximately 1.24 g/cm³ (for aqueous solutions)

  • Solubility: Highly soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol

  • pH: Aqueous solutions are typically slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6–8)

  • Appearance: Clear to pale yellow liquid

These properties make Ammonium Thioglycolate an effective reducing agent for breaking disulfide bonds in hair and other applications.

Applications

1. Hair Care and Cosmetics

It is a primary ingredient in permanent wave solutions and hair straightening products. It works by breaking the disulfide bonds in hair keratin, allowing hair to be reshaped before the bonds are reformed. This makes it essential for achieving long-lasting curls or straight hair in salon treatments.

2. Chemical Synthesis

In chemical manufacturing, it serves as a reducing agent in the synthesis of various organic compounds. Its ability to donate electrons makes it valuable in producing intermediates for pharmaceuticals and specialty chemicals.

3. Industrial Applications

It is used in textile processing and as a corrosion inhibitor in certain industrial applications. Its reducing properties help in stabilizing formulations and preventing oxidative damage.

Safety and Handling

Proper handling of Ammonium Thioglycolate (CAS No. 5421-46-5) is critical due to its potential hazards:

  • Hazards: May cause skin and eye irritation (H315, H319) and allergic skin reactions (H317). Harmful if swallowed or inhaled (H302, H332). It may also be toxic to aquatic life (H411).

  • Protective Measures: Use personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, safety goggles, and respiratory protection. Ensure adequate ventilation during handling to minimize exposure.

  • Storage: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from oxidizing agents, acids, and heat sources.

  • Disposal: Dispose of according to local regulations for hazardous chemicals to prevent environmental contamination.

Always consult the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for detailed safety information before handling.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is the primary use of Ammonium thioglycolate?

It is mainly used in hair perming and straightening products as a reducing agent to break disulfide bonds, enabling hair reshaping in cold-wave processes.

Is Ammonium thioglycolate safe for cosmetic applications?

It is safe in diluted, pH-controlled formulations per regulatory standards, but undiluted forms are corrosive and allergenic; always perform patch tests and follow product instructions.

What is the shelf life of Ammonium thioglycolate?

Stored sealed and cool below 25°C, it remains stable for 12-18 months; monitor for odor changes indicating decomposition.

Can Ammonium thioglycolate be shipped internationally?

Yes, it is shipped globally under UN 3266 regulations, in compatible plastic or glass containers for volumes from 1 L to bulk drums.

How does Ammonium thioglycolate compare to sodium thioglycolate?

It offers better solubility and milder odor than the sodium salt, making it preferable for aqueous cosmetic formulations, though both serve similar reducing roles.

Is Ammonium thioglycolate water-soluble?

Yes, it is fully miscible in water, allowing easy incorporation into liquid hair treatments and depilatories.

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